The Principal forms of the skeleton and of the teeth
Richard Owen
Paperback
(RareBooksClub.com, March 6, 2012)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1854 Excerpt: ...the innermost of the second series of tarsal bones. Of all the other known existing hoofed quadrupeds, it would hardly be anticipated that the rhinoceros presented the nearest affinity to the horse; one might rather look to the light camel or dromedary; but a different modification of the entire skeleton may be traced in the animals with toes in even number, as compared with the horse and other odd-toed hoofed quadrupeds. In an extinct kind of horse (Hippopotherium), the two splint-bones are more developed, and each supports three phalanges, the last being provided with a diminutive hoof. In the extinct Palveotheria, the outer and inner digits acquired stronger.proportions, and the entire foot was shortened. The transition from the Palceotheria, by the extinct hornless rhinoceros (Acerotherium), to the existing forms of rhinoceros, is completed. In the skeleton of the rhinoceros, we find resemblances to the horse in the number of the dorsal vertebrae, in the third trochanter of the femur, and in the number of digits on each foot, albeit the two that are hidden and rudimental in the swifter quadruped are here made manifest in their full development: the concomitant shortening of the whole foot, and strengthening of the entire limbs, accord with the greater weight of the body to be supported, clad as it is with a coat-armor of thickened tuberculated hide: the broader feet, terminated each by three hoofs, afford a better basis of support in the swampy localities affected by the rhinoceros. Both scapulae and iliac bones are of greater breadth, and less length. The ulna is fully developed in the fore-limb, and the fibula in the hind-leg; but there is no power of rotation of the fore-limb in any hoofed quadruped. The upper surface of the skull is roughened for th...