Northern waters; Captain Roald Amundsen's oceanographic observations in the Arctic seas in 1901, with a discussion of the origin of the bottom-waters of the northern seas
Fridtjof Nansen
Paperback
(RareBooksClub.com, March 6, 2012)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1906 Excerpt: ...1898--1900, Meddeletser 0111 Grmland, vol. XXVII, Copenhagen, 1902, pp. 345--349. During the Kolthoff Expedition, on board the Frithjof, to the East Greenland Coast, Mr. Ostergren1 took, in July 1900, two interesting Stations (F I and F II, PI. V) with deep-sea observations to the north of Jan Mayen and between Spitsbergen and Greenland. The temperatures were taken with a Pettersson-Nansen Insulated Water-Bottle, of the first model made by L. M. Ericsson & Co. in Stockholm, in 1900; but without the Nansen Deep-Sea Thermometer. The temperature readings were taken by a thermometer inserted after the water-bottle came on deck, which prejudices the accuracy of the observations. Nor is it stated whether any correction has been introduced for the reduction of temperature caused by alteration of pressure. It is stated that the bottle was hauled up with a velocity of 1000 metres in 10 or 15 minuter. But if it has taken as much as 30 minuter or more to haul the bottle up from 2000 or 3000 metres, the readings obtained cannot be trustworthy, as experiments have proved that the insulation of the bottle is not sufficient to keep the temperature-readings unaltered for such a long time. It is thus seen that the temperatures cannot be very accurate, at all events from the deep strata. The readings may farthermore have been too low owing to cooling by expansion of the water and the solid parts of the water-bottle (especially the india-rubber), on hauling up from great depths. Is seems, however, more probable that they have been too high, owing to deficient insulation during the long period the bottle was being hauled up, and owing to the insertion of the thermometer after the bottle had come up on deck. It may therefore be expected that the temperature of--1-23 C. at 3...