Spanish Legendary Tales
Mrs. S. G. C. Middlemore
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This volume was published in 1885 and contains thirty tales. Short summary from the Preface: In speaking of myself on the title-page as the "author" of "Round a Posada Fire", I wish to explain that I use the word "author" simply in default of a better one. In that book, as in this, the stories told are popular in their character, and are the creation of no nameable individual. All given in the present volume I gathered in the course of a residence of several years in the Pyrenees, and of one or two visits in the north of Spain. Those from whom I heard them (and many more of the same kind), and whom I questioned as to their origina, could assign no other source to them than oral tradition. My own share in bringing them before the public consists in having heard them, remembered them, and put them into English in as nearly as poosible the words in which they were told to me. Though I have from time to time been obliged to insert connecting or introduct- ory passages, yet the words, as well as the substance of' the tales, are mainly those of the original stories. I need not remind anyone at all familiar with the popular life of Spain, that the prose legend, as well as the ballad, has in the course of time acquired there a fixed and definite shape; and passes from mouth to mouth, and is handed down from one generation to another, with but few verbal changes. The reason for this is not far to seek; the greater part of the Spanish people have hitherto found their chief mental recreation in folk-lore. Popular legends, whether in prose or verse, have been accordingly developed in Spain to an extent no easy to be matched elsewhere. Intelligent and imaginative, and at the same time untaught and superstitious, the Spanish peasant finds in these tales one of his chief pleasures. The mere fact that they exist in vast numbers, and that many of them bear upon the same subject, renders it necessary that, if they are to be remembered at all, they must be remembered with verbal accuracy; otherwise they would in a short time become hopelessly confused one with another. One of the most popular subjects of Spanish folk-lore is the "Christ of the Vega". I have myself heard at least a dozen legends turning on this theme; and many more versions must certainly exist. It would be impossible to keep these various stories apart in the popular memory, unless they had become, so to speak, stereotyped. And this is the case with the major- ity of Spanish prose legends. They have assumed, in the course of time, a fixed and traditional shape, in their words no less than in their subjects. It is a truism that the memory of those who cannot read or write is, on the average, stronger than that of those who have had a literary education. When once education is diffused among the masses of the Spanish people, those legends which have not been committed to writing will be gradually lost. The new interests which education brings with it will also weaken among the people those tastes to which tales of the marvellous appea. But this time seems still to be distant in Spain. I have only a word to add in conclusion. Friends have remarked to me on the weird and tragic air of many of these tales. The answer is simply that such, as a fact, is the general character of the Spanish legend. Others have said that the style of them seemed to be of a diffeent character from that which might be expected of peasants and muleteers. To this the reply is that the Spanish, like the Italian peasant, must not be judged by the same standard as the English. Illiterate as the southern peasant may be, he is not wholly destitute of what may be fairly called culture. This volume attempts to give a faithful reflection of the popular imagination of Spain, when it turns from, poetry to prose as its means of expression. Maria Trinidad Howard Middlemore Chelsea, May, 1885