Books with title Elements of the Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates

Richard Owen F.R.S. (1804-92) was a controversial and influential palaeontologist and anatomist. Owen studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and at London's St Bartholomew's Hospital. He grew interested in anatomical research, and after qualifying he became assistant conservator in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and then superintendent of natural history in the British Museum. He quickly became an authority on comparative anatomy and palaeontology, coining the term 'dinosaur' and founding the Natural History Museum. He was also a fierce critic of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and engaged in a long and bitter argument with Darwin's 'Bulldog', Thomas Huxley. Published in 1868, this is the third book in a highly illustrated three-volume set that comprises a thorough overview of vertebrate anatomy. This volume completes the analysis of mammalian anatomy and includes a chapter of general conclusions.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1886 Excerpt: ...other cranial nerves, their distribution limited to the head. In Fishes and gill-breathing Amphibians the vagus branches out to the region of the visceral and branchial apparatus, as well as to the muscles of the shoulder and anterior extremity (Protopterus). It then extends backwards along the sides of the body under the skin to the tail as one or more lateral nerves, supplying sensory organs.1 Further, in all Vertebrates it is distributed to the anterior part of the alimentary canal, giving rise to a pharyngeal, an cesophageal, and a gastric plexus, besides giving off branches to the heart and to the whole respiratory system, from the larynx to the lungs (air-bladder). Thus cephalic, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal portions of the vagus can be distinguished in the higher Vertebrates. 1 Compare the chapter on sensory organs, p. 165. Both vagus and glossopharyngeal are always closely connected with the sympathetic system by anastomoses: in Fishes the glossopharyngeal supplies the region of the first (hyobranchial) cleft, while in the higher Vertebrates it passes to the tongue as the nerve of "taste, and, like the vagus, gives rise to a pharyngeal plexus. Fig. 130.--Cranial Nerves And Brachial Plexus Of Scyllium canicula. II, optic nerve; III, oculomotor; IV, trochlear; V" (upper), superficial branch, and V (lower), deep branch of the first division of the trigeminal (the two branches anastomose at within the nasal capsule); Vbe, maxillo-mandibular branch; V, maxillary branch; V, mandibular branch; VI, abducent; VII, facial; VII", its hyomandibular branch; VIlb, its palatine branch; IX, glossopharyngeal; X, vagus; Slat, its lateral branch; ttt, gill-clefts; 1 to 14, the first fourteen spinal nerves, forming the brachial plexus (Pl.brach); O,...

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1886 Excerpt: ...but in some cases (as in Blindworms and Geckos), they extend over the whole body.1 In Snakes and Birds the tactile cells are confined to the mouth-cavity (tongue) 1 Similar structures are also present in Crocodiles, and in the skin of the hack of Trionyx cellular bodies exist, which most probably are to be regarded as tactile organs. and to the beak (cere), and lie much more closely together, forming definite masses, or "tactile corpuscles." Each of these is surrounded by a nucleated connective-tissue investment, from which septa extend into the interior, partially separating the individual tactile cells from one another. Fia. 138.--A Tactile Corpuscle (end-bulb) From The Conjunctiva Of A Mammal. N, nerve (the neurilemma of which at t becomes continuous with the investment of the tactile corpuscle; K, K, nuclei in the investment; N, the coiled termination of the nerve (axis-fibre) passing to the tactile cells (T, T). Fig. 139.--A Pacinian Corpuscle From The Beak Of The Duck. (After J. Carriere.) ZZ, cells of the nerve-sheath; L, longitudinal, and Q, circular layers of the investing lamellae; JK, central knob, with the two pillars of cells; A, axis-fibre, with protoplasmic investment, entering the corpuscle at A1; MS, medullary sheath; Nl, neurilemma, which becomes continuous with the investment of the corpuscle at f, t In Mammals the tactile cells are either isolated, as, for instance, on the hairless portions of the body, or they give rise to oval corpuscles, each consisting of a many-layered and nucleated investment, into which a nerve passes, becomes twisted up, and ends in one or more terminal ganglion cells (Fig. 138). From the Reptilia onwards, so-called Pacinian corpuscles are present in addition to the above-described tactile organs. They ...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Excerpt from Elements of the Comparative Anatomy of VertebratesThe brevity of the descriptions is, however, to some extent made up for by the number of woodcuts. Most of these are taken from the German edition, but several new figures have been added.The arrangement of the book according to organs, and not according to groups of animals, is likely to render it more difficult for a beginner, and a general knowledge of Zoology will be of great assistance. The pages on which the different groups are described are, however, collected together in the index, so that the sections relating to any one group can be easily referred to. The present arrangement seems to be the only possible one if the book is to be founded on a scientific basis, for it is most important that the student should grasp the fact that there has been an evolution of organs, as well as of animals.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.