Books with title A Treatise on Light

A Practical Treatise on Gas-light.Exhibiting a Summary Description of the Apparatus and Machinery Best Calculated for Illuminating Streets, Houses, and Manufactories, with Carburetted Hydrogen, or Coal-Gas, with Remarks on the Utility, Safety, and General Nature of this new Branch of Civil Economy. By Fredrick Accum OPERATIVE CHEMIST, LECTURER ON PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, ON MINERALOGY, AND ON CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES; MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, FELLOW OF THE LINNÆN SOCIETY, MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BERLIN, &c. &c.The following pages are intended to exhibit a summary view of the new art of procuring light, by means of carburetted hydrogen gas obtained from pit-coal, and which of late has been employed with unparalelled success, as a substitute for candles and lamps, and is known by the name of Gas-Light.To accomplish this object, I have given, in the first part of this Essay, a concise and popular view of the chemical theory and production of artificial light—I have explained the action of candles and lamps—I have shown the methods of measuring the comparative illuminating power of artificial light of different kinds, so as to appreciate their economical value—I have stated the proportions of combustible materials requisite for producing a light of a certain strength; with such other preliminary facts and observations as were deemed necessary to enable the reader to understand fully the nature of the new art of illumination, which it is the object of this Essay to describe.These positions are followed by a chemical view of the general nature and composition of coal—the chemical changes which this substance suffers, when employed in the production of gas-light—the different products it furnishes—the modes of obtaining them—their properties and applications in the various arts of life.I have given a description of the apparatus and machinery by means of which the coal-gas is prepared, and the methods employed for distributing and applying it as a substitute for candles and lamps to illuminate houses, streets and manufactories;—I have furnished the data for calculating the expense that must attend the application of this species of light under different circumstances, so as to determine the relative cost or value of gas-lights, when compared with the lights now in use—together with such other practical directions and facts as will enable the reader to form a proper estimate of the gas-light illumination, and to put this art into practice.I have stated the leading objects of public and private utility to which the new system of lighting may be successfully applied, candidly pointing out those in which it cannot be made use of to advantage.I have detailed the most obvious effects which the discovery of lighting with coal-gas must inevitably produce upon the arts and upon domestic economy; its primary advantages—its views—its limits, and the resources it presents to industry and public economy. I have endeavoured to show how far its application is safe, and in what respect it is entitled to public approbation and national encouragement.

A Practical Treatise on Gas-lightFriedrich Accum, German chemist (1769 – 1838)This ebook presents «A Practical Treatise on Gas-light», from Friedrich Accum. A dynamic table of contents enables to jump directly to the chapter selected.Table of Contents- About This Book- Preface- Introductory Observation- Part I. Production Of Artificial Light- Method Of Ascertaining The Illuminating Power Of Candles, Lamps, Gas-lights, And Other Luminous Bodies- Further Illustrations Of The Mode Of Computing The Relative Cost Or Value Of Light- Method Of Increasing The Light Of Tallow Candles, And To Obviate The Necessity Of Snuffing Them- Part Ii. Gas-light- Theory Of The Combustion Of Coal In Elucidation Of The Nature And Production Of Gas Light- Sketch Of The Rise And Progress Of The Discovery And Application Of Coal-gas- Theory Of The Production Of Gas-light- Utility Of The Gas-light Illumination, With Regard To Public And Private Economy- Other Products Obtainable From Coal- Tabular View, Exhibiting- Description Of The Gas-light Apparatus- Directions To Workmen Attending The Gas-light Apparatus- Estimate Of The Price Of A Gas-light Apparatus, If Erected In London

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Excerpt from A Treatise on LightThis book is intended for students who have been through a first year's physics course and who are proceeding further with the study of light. It differs from other books on light by a more systematic treatment, also by dealing with the full s00pe of the subject and including the results of recent investigations.A good knowledge of elementary mathematics is assumed. The calculus is used, but I hope that the results Obtained by its aid will be intelligible to those who cannot follow the inter mediate steps, and in any case the greater part of the book is free from it.Of the 328 figures more than '270 have been specially drawn for the book.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1831 Excerpt: ...be increased in breadth, as it was before in length by the same causes, and should therefore appear square or rectangular. But the result is found to be otherwise: the image, rv, is not at all increased in breadth by the refraction of the second prism, but only becomes oblique to its former position, Rv, the upper or violet extremity, v, being translated farther from its former position than the lower or red extremity, r. Accordingly, the light which is most refracted by the first prism is again most refracted by the second; and that which is least refracted by the first is, in like manner, least refracted by the second. And since the sides of the oblique image, rv, are found to be rectilinear, as well as those of the first, Rv, it follows that every ray which is more or less refracted by the first prism, is, exactly in the same proportion, more or less refracted by the second. Further, if the image produced by the second prism be again laterally refracted by a third, and so on to any number of refractions, it is always found that the rays which are more or less refracted by the first prism are in the same proportion more or less refracted by all the rest, and this without any dilatation of the image in breadth. These rays are therefore justly considered to possess each a peculiar degree of refrangibility. (233.) The following experiment, however, may be considered as removing all doubt on this subject. Close behind the prism Bac is placed a board, pa, perforated with a small aperture, o, through which the refracted light is permitted to pass: this light is then received on a second board, T'q!, placed at a considerable distance from the first, and similarly perforated; so that a small portion of the light of the spectrum is suffered to pass through the ape...

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ <title> A Treatise On Light And Vision<author> Humphrey Lloyd<publisher> Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1831<subjects> Light; Optics