Books published by publisher Answers 2000 Limited

Exponentiation, raising a number to a power, is usually the next mathematical operation that students learn about after mastering addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. This book is principally about exponentiation and performing mathematical operations on expressions that involve exponents. Additionally, the book introduces surds such as square roots, and explains how to perform common mathematical operations involving such surds.In this book, among other things, you will learn:* How exponents are pronounced* The meanings of the words base, exponent, index (plural: indices), and exponentiation * How to multiply numbers and algebraic symbols with exponents* How to divide numbers and algebraic symbols with exponents* How to raise numbers and algebraic symbols with exponents to a power* How multiplications and divisions involving different base numbers with exponents can sometimes be simplified* How to solve problems with fractional exponents* What are surds* How to perform arithmetic on expressions that contain surds* How to simplify surds and expressions containing surds* How to expand brackets when surds are involved* How to simplify fractions containing surds including “rationalizing the denominator"

A comprehensive guide to performing mole and stoichiometric calculations with numerous examples, as well as questions and answers. Covers calculations relating to solids, solutions, gases and electrolysis, plus as limiting and excess reactants, chemical yields, atom economy and much more. Fully up to date with the last international standards - including the revised definition of mole which was agreed on November 16th, 2018.

A complete guide to the Solar System including the Sun, all the planets, all the recognized dwarf planets & much else besides - major moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids & more. You'll also learn about the what lies beyond the Solar System, how the Solar System was formed & how it is expected to evolve in future. Contains numerous color pictures, illustrations & diagrams that will fascinate amateur astronomers & junior scientists.Updated April 2020Table of Contents:1: The Solar System: A Whistle-Stop TourThe SunThe Planets-How Many Planets?-How Far are the Planets from the Sun?-Planetary Orbits-Planetary Rotation-Types of PlanetsMinor Planets, Dwarf Planets & Comets-Minor Planets of the Inner Solar System - Asteroids-Minor Planets of the Outer Solar System-Dwarf Planets-CometsMeteoroids, Micrometeoroids & Space Dust-Meteors & Meteorites-Sources of Meteoroids & Micrometeoroids-Meteor Showers & Meteor StormsMoons-How Many Moons are There?-Can a Moon Have Its Own Moons?-How Big Can Moons Be?-How Small Can Moons Be?-Orbital Characteristics of Moons-Tidal Locking-Trojan Satellites2: The SunName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsRotationStudy & Exploration3: MercuryName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?4: VenusName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?5: EarthName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsStudy & ExplorationOrbitRotationThe MoonStudy & ExplorationLife6: MarsName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?7: JupiterName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingsMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?8: SaturnName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingsMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?9: UranusName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingsMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?10: NeptuneName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingsMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?11: Planet NineName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingsMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?12: CeresName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationStudy & ExplorationLife?13: PlutoName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?14: HaumeaName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationRingMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?15: MakemakeName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?16: ErisName & DiscoveryPhysical CharacteristicsOrbitRotationMoonsStudy & ExplorationLife?17: Beyond the Solar SystemStars-Types of Stars-Distances to Stars-Other Solar SystemsGalaxies-Types of Galaxies-Our Galaxy - The Milky WayGroups, Clusters & Superclusters18: The History of the Solar SystemThe Big BangThe First StarsLater StarsThe Birth of the Solar SystemThe Formation of the Planets & Asteroids-Terrestrial Planets-Giant Planets-The Asteroid Belt-Planetary MigrationMoonsLate Heavy Bombardment19: The Future of the Solar SystemThe SunThe PlanetsMoonsThe Milky Way & the Local GroupThe Ultimate Fate of the UniverseConclusion

The first of series of 5 books, this book tells the history of life on Earth from the planet's formation 4,550 million years ago until the end of the Paleozoic Era 252 million years ago.In this beautiful full-color illustrated book, you will learn about:How life began in the seas as simple single-celled organismsHow single-celled organisms grew more complex and changed the planetThe sudden appearance of many multicellular life forms during the Cambrian explosionHow life colonized the landThe evolution of the first tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) from fishHow tetrapods diversified to produce reptiles and our ancestors, the synapsid mammal-like reptilesThe greatest mass extinction in history that brought the Paleozoic Era to a closeAnd much moreTable of Contents:IntroductionChapter 1: How the Earth was FormedThe Formation of the Solar SystemThe Formation of the Planets Including Earth.Chapter 2: The Hadean EonConditions in the Hadean EonChapter 3: The Archean EonConditions in the Archean EonProkaryota – The First LifeChapter 4: Proterozoic EonThe Great Oxygenation Event and the Huronian GlaciationMore Complex Life – EukaryotaThe Cryogenian PeriodThe Ediacaran Period – The First Multicellular LifeChapter 5: The Phanerozoic Eon and the Paleozoic EraEras of the Phanerozoic EonPeriods of the Paleozoic EraChapter 6: The Cambrian PeriodPaleogeography of the Cambrian PeriodThe Cambrian ExplosionAnimals of the Cambrian PeriodPlants of the Cambrian PeriodMass Extinctions of the Cambrian Period Chapter 7: The Ordovician PeriodPaleogeography of the Ordovician PeriodClimate of Ordovician PeriodThe Ordovician RadiationAnimals of the Ordovician PeriodMass Extinctions of the Ordovician PeriodChapter 8: The Silurian PeriodPaleogeography of the Silurian PeriodClimate of Silurian PeriodAnimals of the Silurian PeriodLife on LandChapter 9: The Devonian PeriodPaleogeography of the Devonian PeriodMarine Life in the Devonian PeriodThe First TetrapodsThe Devonian ExplosionMass Extinctions of the Devonian PeriodChapter 10: The Carboniferous Period (including Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Subperiods)Paleogeography of the Carboniferous PeriodClimate of Carboniferous PeriodForests and Coal DepositsMarine Life in the Carboniferous PeriodAmphibians of the Carboniferous PeriodThe First AmniotesTerrestrial Arthropods of the CarboniferousThe Carboniferous Rainforest CollapseThe Diversification of Amniotes – Parareptiles, Synapsids and DiapsidsChapter 11: The Permian PeriodPaleogeography of the Permian PeriodClimate of the Permian PeriodPlants of the Permian PeriodAmphibians of the Permian PeriodParareptiles of the Permian PeriodDiapsids of the Permian PeriodSynapsids of the Permian PeriodInsects of the Permian PeriodMass Extinctions of the Permian PeriodChapter 12: The Mesozoic and Cenozoic ErasThe Mesozoic EraThe Cenozoic Era

This book is a complete introduction to learning, understanding, and mastering working with fractions (sometimes known as "common fractions", "simple fractions", or "vulgar fractions"), and is based on the author's personal experience providing 1:1 mathematics tuition to both school students and adult numeracy students.Topics covered include:* What is a fraction* Names of fractions* Fractions as division (converting a fraction into a division calculation and back)* Mixed numbers* Improper ("top heavy") fractions* Converting mixed numbers to top heavy fractions* Converting whole numbers to top heavy fractions* Converting top heavy fractions to mixed numbers* Equivalent fractions* Simplifying fractions* Expressing fractions in their simplest form* Comparing fractions* Adding fractions (including adding several fractions together)* Subtracting fractions* Multiplying fractions (including multiplying several fractions together)* Simplifying fraction multiplications* Dividing fractions* Simplifying complex fractions (fractions within a fraction)* How to convert fractions into decimal numbers* How to convert decimal numbers into fractionsEvery topic is explained in detail, complete with many step-by-step worked examples and diagrams. Additionally. major topics are immediately followed by a set of practice questions (there are well over 300 questions in total in the book), the answers to which can be found at the end of each chapter.In summary, whether you want to learn fractions yourself, or teach your kids fractions, or are a student preparing for exams such as GCSEs or high school maths tests, or are an adult learner wishing to improve your numeracy and knowledge of this important math topic - this book is ideal for you.This book has been specially prepared for use on the Kindle - including taking great care to ensure all math symbols, formulas, and calculations display correctly on the Kindle screen (many other math books do not display math symbols correctly). A color screen is recommended, but not essential - there are a couple of diagrams where the text refers to colors in the picture - but these should still be understandable even on a black and white screen.

The second in a series of five books, this book tells the history of life at the start of the Mesozoic Era during the Triassic Period, which was between 252 and 201 million years ago. In this period, the first lepidosaurs (the group containing snakes and lizards) and first archosaurs (the group containing crocodiles and birds) appeared. The first dinosaurs walked the land, the first pterosaurs filled the skies, and the seas were populated by marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and others.In this beautiful full-color illustrated book, you will learn about:The paleogeography of the Triassic - how the continents were joined in one gigantic supercontinentThe climate of the TriassicThe flora of the TriassicMarine life of the Triassic including plankton, marine invertebrates, fish and marine reptiles such ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and placodontsTerrestrial life of the Triassic including insects, spiders, lungfish, amphibians, parareptiles, therapsids (mammal-like reptiles), lepidosaurs, archosaurs and dinosaursDinosaurs of the Triassic including the split between lizard-hipped (Saurischia) and bird-hipped (Ornithischia) dinosaursThe first theropod dinosaurs (the group which would eventually give rise to Tyrannosaurus rex, Allosaurus, Velociraptor and birds)The first sauropodomorph dinosaurs (the group which would eventually rise to Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus and Diplodocus)The first ornithischian dinosaurs (the group which would eventually give rise to Iguanodon, Triceratops, duckbilled dinosaurs and other famous herbivores)The Triassic coal gapExtinction events of the TriassicAnd much moreTable of Contents:IntroductionChapter 1: Before the Triassic PeriodThe Formation of the Solar System and the EarthThe Hadean EonThe Archaean EonThe Proterozoic EonThe Phanerozoic Eon- The Paleozoic Era- The End of the Paleozoic EraChapter 2: Introducing the Triassic PeriodSubdivisions (Epochs) of the Triassic Period- Early Triassic Epoch- Middle Triassic Epoch- Late Triassic EpochChapter 3: Paleogeography of the Triassic PeriodChapter 4: Climate of the Triassic PeriodChapter 5: Flora of the Triassic PeriodChapter 6: Marine Fauna of the Triassic PeriodPlanktonMarine InvertebratesFishSauropterygian Reptiles- Pachypleurosaurs- Nothosaurs- Placodonts- Pistosaurs, Plesiosaurs and PliosaursTurtlesIchthyosaursHupehsuchiaThalattosaursChapter 7: Terrestrial and Freshwater Fauna of the Triassic PeriodInsectsSpidersLungfishAmphibiansParareptilesLepidosauromorphaTherapsids- Dicynodonts- Therocephalians- CynodontsArchosaurs and Archosauromorpha- Protorosaurs- Pterosaurs- Rhynchosaurs- Allokotosaurs- Phytosaurs- Proterosuchids and Erythrosuchids- Aetosaurs- Revueltosaurus- Poposauroids- Ornithosuchids- Rauisuchoids- Crocodylomorpha- Dinosaurs and DinosauromorphaChapter 8: Dinosaurs and DinosauromorphaSaurischia and OrnithischiaEarly Saurischian Dinosaurs- The First Theropods- SauropodomorphaEarly Ornithischian DinosaursChapter 9: Triassic Coal GapChapter 10: Extinction Events of the Triassic PeriodPermian-Triassic Extinction EventSmith-Spathian Extinction EventCarnian Pluvial EventTriassic-Jurassic Extinction EventChapter 11: After the TriassicThe Jurassic PeriodThe Cretaceous PeriodThe Cenozoic Era

This book is a guide to the 5 Platonic solids (regular tetrahedron, regular cube, regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron, and regular icosahedron). These solids are important in mathematics, in nature, and are the only 5 convex regular polyhedra that exist.What the Platonic solids areThe history of the discovery of Platonic solidsThe common features of all Platonic solidsThe geometrical details of each Platonic solidExamples of where each type of Platonic solid occurs in natureHow we know there are only five types of Platonic solid (geometric proof)A topological proof that there are only five types of Platonic solidWhat are dual polyhedronsWhat is the dual polyhedron for each of the Platonic solidsThe relationships between each Platonic solid and its dual polyhedronHow to calculate angles in Platonic solids using trigonometric formulaeThe relationship between spheres and Platonic solidsHow to calculate the surface area of a Platonic solidHow to calculate the volume of a Platonic solidAn introduction to some other interesting types of polyhedra – prisms, antiprisms, Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra, Archimedean solids, Catalan solids, Johnson solids, and deltahedra.Note: Some familiarity with basic trigonometry and very basic algebra (high school level) will allow you to get the most out of this book - but in order to make this book accessible to as many people as possible, I have included a brief recap on some necessary basic concepts from trigonometry (such as sine, cosine, radians, etc.).

Knowing multiplication tables is a key math skill. This is because multiplication tables are not only directly useful, but are also a foundation upon which other mathematical techniques are based – including multiplication of larger numbers, division, and fractions.This book is a guide for parents wishing to help their kids master this important skill. It shows parents how to teach their kids in a simple step-by-step fashion, and includes numerous tips and tricks to help children remember, or work out, the answers.Times tables from 0X0 to 12X12 are covered, and as well as the times tables themselves, the book also includes additional facts, such as common prefixes used for words relating to various numbers, how to quickly check if a number is in the 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, or 10 times table, and more.

Math Magic: Amazing Tricks With Numbers, Arithmetic & Geometry! is a guide to 40 math-based magical tricks. The instructions for each trick explain what props or accessories are needed (for example playing cards or calculator), how the trick appears to the audience, how to perform the trick, and in many cases, the mathematical secrets behind the trick. This book is ideal for magicians looking for something new and different to add to their acts, those who simply want to amaze their friends, and for mathematics teachers and educators who wish to inspire their students with fun and interesting mathematical ideas.

This book will teach you about percentages and how to do calculations involving percentages. Most calculations can be done with and without a calculator. The questions and answers (which show you how to solve percentage problems) at the end of chapters will help you master this important math topic.Topics covered include:What is a percentage and why use percentages?Converting between fractions and percentagesConverting between decimals and percentagesCalculating percentages of quantities and amountsSimple interestCompound interestPercentage increases and compound interestPercentages decreases and depreciationReverse percentagesHere is the Table of Contents:Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Introducing PercentagesWhat is a Percentage?Why Use Percentages?Chapter 2: Converting Between Fractions and PercentagesHow to Convert a Fraction into a Percentage- Converting a Fraction into a Percentage without a Calculator- Converting a Fraction into a Percentage without a Calculator (Equivalent Fraction Shortcut)- Converting a Fraction into a Percentage using a CalculatorHow to Convert a Percentage into a FractionTable of Equivalent Fractions and PercentagesQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 2 QuestionsChapter 3: Converting Between Decimals and PercentagesHow to Convert a Decimal into a Percentage- Converting a Decimal into a Percentage without a Calculator- Converting a Decimal into a Percentage using a CalculatorHow to Convert a Percentage into a Decimal- Converting a Percentage into a Decimal without a Calculator- Converting a Percentage into a Decimal using a CalculatorTable of Equivalent Fractions, Decimals and PercentagesQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 3 QuestionsChapter 4: Calculating Percentages of a Quantity or AmountHow to Calculate a Percentage of a Quantity or Amount- Calculating a Percentage of a Quantity/Amount without a Calculator- Calculating a Percentage of a Quantity/Amount without a Calculator (Using Portions Shortcut)- Calculating a Percentage of a Quantity/Amount using a CalculatorQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 4 QuestionsChapter 5: Simple InterestA Note on TerminologyHow to Perform Simple Interest Calculations- Simple Interest Calculations without a Calculator- Simple Interest Calculations using a CalculatorQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 5 QuestionsChapter 6: Percentage Increases and Compound InterestPercentage Increases- How to Increase a Quantity/Amount by a Percentage- How to Repeatedly Increase a Quantity/Amount by a Percentage- Formulae for Percentage IncreasesCompound Interest- Compound Interest Terminology- How to Perform Compound Interest CalculationsQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 6 QuestionsChapter 7: Percentage Decreases and DepreciationPercentage Decreases- How to Decrease a Quantity/Amount by a Percentage- How to Repeatedly Decrease a Quantity/Amount by a Percentage- Formulae for Percentage DecreasesDepreciation- How to Perform Depreciation CalculationsQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 7 QuestionsChapter 8: Reverse PercentagesHow to Reverse a Percentage Increase- Formulae to Reverse a Percentage Increase- Reverse a Percentage Increase ExamplesHow to Reverse a Percentage Decrease- Formulae to Reverse a Percentage Decrease- Reverse a Percentage Decrease ExamplesQuestionsAnswers to Chapter 8 QuestionsConclusion

The third in a series of five books, this book tells the history of life in the middle of the Mesozoic Era during the Jurassic Period, which was 201 and 145 million years ago. In this period, dinosaurs walked the Earth, the seas were populated by ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and marine crocodiles, and the skies were filled with pterosaurs and the first primitive birds.In this beautiful full-color illustrated book, you will learn about:And much moreThe paleogeography of the Jurassic- how the continents were positioned and movedThe climate of the JurassicThe flora of the JurassicMarine life of the Triassic including plankton, marine invertebrates, fish and marine reptiles such ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and thalattosuchiansTerrestrial life of the Triassic including insects, spiders, lungfish, amphibians, turtles, lepidosaurs, therapsids (mammals and mammal-like reptiles), pterosaurs, crocodilans, dinosaurs and birdsAnd much moreTable of Contents:IntroductionChapter 1: Before the Jurassic PeriodThe Formation of the Solar System and the EarthThe Hadean EonThe Archaean EonThe Proterozoic EonThe Phanerozoic Eon- The Paleozoic Era- The End of the Paleozoic Era- The Mesozoic Era – The Triassic PeriodChapter 2: Introducing the Jurassic PeriodSubdivisions (Epochs) of the Jurassic Period- Early Jurassic Epoch- Middle Jurassic Epoch- Late Jurassic EpochChapter 3: Paleogeography of the Jurassic PeriodChapter 4: Climate of the Jurassic PeriodChapter 5: Flora of the Jurassic PeriodChapter 6: Marine Fauna of the Jurassic PeriodPlanktonMarine InvertebratesFishSauropterygians, Plesiosaurs and PliosaursTurtlesIchthyosaursThalattosuchiansPleurosauridsChapter 7: Terrestrial and Freshwater Fauna of the Jurassic PeriodInsectsSpidersLungfishAmphibiansTurtlesLepidosauromorpha- Pantestudines- Kuehneosauridae- Rhynchocephalia- SquamataTherapsids and MammalsArchosaurs- Pterosaurs- Crocodylomorpha- Dinosaurs and BirdsChapter 8: Dinosaurs and Birds of the Jurassic PeriodSaurischia and OrnithischiaTheropods- Coelophysids- Dilophosaurids- Cryolophosaurus- Ceratosaurids- Abelisaurids- Noasaurids- Megalosaurids- Spinosaurids- Piatnitzkysaurids- Gasosaurus and Kaijiangosaurus- Monolophosaurus- Allosaurids- Metriacanthosaurids- Carcharodontosaurids- Coelurids- Compsognathids- Tyrannosauroidea- Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptorans and Birds- Archaeoteryx and the Origin of Birds- OrnitholestesSauropodomorpha and Sauropods- Basal Sauropodomorphs (Anchisaurs and Massospondylids)- Basal Sauropods (Vulcanodontids)- Shunosaurus- Diplodocids- Dicraeosaurids- Rebbachisaurids- Haplocanthosaurus- Brachiosaurids- Camarasaurids- Cetiosaurids- MamenchisauridsOrnithischians- Basal Ornithischians (including Heterodontosaurids)- Lesothosaurus- Basal Thyreophora- Stegosauria- Ankylosauria- Basal Neornithischia- Ornithopoda- Ceratopsia- PachycephalosauriaChapter 9: Extinction Events of the Jurassic PeriodTriassic Jurassic Extinction EventThe Pliensbachian Toarcian Extinction EventThe End Jurassic Extinction EventChapter 10: After the JurassicThe Cretaceous PeriodThe Cenozoic Era

This book provides a complete guide to scientific notation (known in the UK as standard form) and engineering notation. It explains how the notation works, the advantages of using it, how to convert to and from it, how to compare numbers and orders of magnitude, and even how to perform approximate arithmetic operations (without using a calculator) such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, square roots, cube roots, and logarithms on numbers in scientific notation. There are over 200 questions and answers (answers explain how to get the answer) to help you master this important math topic.Table of contents is:Chapter 1: What are Scientific Notation and Engineering Notation?Whole Number Powers of 10What is Scientific Notation?- Converting Decimal Numbers to Normalized Scientific Notation- Converting Scientific Notation to DecimalWhat is Normalized Scientific Notation (Standard Form)?- Significant Figures- Estimated Final Digits- E-notation and Other Notational Standards- Converting Decimal Numbers to Normalized Scientific Notation- Converting Scientific Notation to DecimalWhat is Engineering Notation?- Significant Figures- Engineering Notation and SI Unit Prefixes- Converting Decimal Numbers to Engineering Notation- Converting Engineering Notation to DecimalNormalizing and Denormalizing Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Increasing the Value of the Exponent and Decreasing the Absolute Value of the Coefficient- Decreasing the Value of the Exponent and Increasing the Absolute Value of the Coefficient- Converting a Number in Normalized Scientific Notation to Engineering Notation- Converting a Number in Engineering Notation to Normalized Scientific NotationQuestions Answers to Chapter 1 QuestionsChapter 2: Comparing Numbers in Scientific NotationComparing Numbers in Normalized Scientific NotationComparing Numbers in Engineering NotationComparing Numbers in Denormalized Scientific NotationQuestions Answers to Chapter 2 QuestionsChapter 3: Orders of MagnitudeDefinitions of Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude EstimatesOrder of Magnitude Differences- Approximate Order of Magnitude Differences Questions Answers to Chapter 3 QuestionsChapter 4: Adding & SubtractionHow to Add Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Approximate Addition in Scientific and Engineering NotationHow to Subtract Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Approximate Subtraction in Scientific and Engineering NotationQuestions Answers to Chapter 4 QuestionsChapter 5: Multiplication and DivisionHow to Multiply Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Approximate Multiplication in Scientific and Engineering NotationHow to Divide Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Approximate Division in Scientific and Engineering NotationQuestions Answers to Chapter 5 QuestionsChapter 6: ExponentiationHow to Exponentiate Numbers in Scientific and Engineering Notation- Approximate Exponentation in Scientific and Engineering NotationHow to Find Approximate Square Roots in Scientific and Engineering NotationHow to Find Approximate Cube Roots in Scientific and Engineering NotationQuestions Answers to Chapter 6 QuestionsChapter 7: LogarithmsHow to Calculate Approximate Logarithms in Base 10How to Calculate Approximate Logarithms in Base 2How to Calculate Approximate Natural LogarithmsQuestions Answers to Chapter 7 QuestionsConclusion