Sherlock Holmes
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sidney Paget, Michael J. Marshall
language
(Core Knowledge Foundation, Dec. 2, 2013)
At the time Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created Sherlock Holmes, the most famous detective in fiction, most stories were told in parts in magazines over many months. The problem with that, Doyle thought, was that if readers happened to miss the first part, they would not be interested in picking up the story later. So he decided to write stories that were complete in one issue and had main characters that reappeared in future adventures. Edgar Allen Poe wrote the first detective story, but Doyle reinvented it with the characters of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson.One reason people like to read detective stories is because in real life crimes can go unsolved and unpunished. A crime causes disorder. A detective's job is to solve the crime so our social relationships can be put back on order. The heroes of detective stories show how even very puzzling crimes can be explained. This helps us believe that justice is still possible.Sometimes Holmes solves mysteries that do not involve a crime. But in any case, his techniques are the same. First, he makes keen observations. He looks very closely at what the details of a person's appearance reveal. Second, he is strictly logical. He always finds as many facts about a case as he can before he starts thinking about a theory that would fit them together. Third, he is ready to use disguises and a little trickery to find clues. Furthermore, Holmes always tries to learn more general knowledge so that he can have a greater chance of solving new problems. He also studies the history of crime so that he can compare his cases with other instances of mysterious and wicked behavior.Just as vivid to us as Holmes, with his deerstalker cap, his caped overcoat, his pipe and his handy magnifying glass, is his companion, Dr. Watson, who narrates these adventures. A war veteran and a married man, Dr. Watson adds common sense and coolness in the fact of danger to Holmes's brilliant reasoning.Doyle's storytelling made this pair seem so real that his fans tend to speak of the sleuth and his sidekick as if they were actual historical people and not simply made-up figures. In Doyle's day, Sherlock Holmes became so hugely popular that Doyle decided he must write a story in which Holmes died in order to be free to write about a different subject. So he suggested that Holmes plunged to his death in a gorge while wrestling the evil genius Professor Moriarty. Readers howled in protest. Even Doyle's mother told him he was wrong. Doyle gave in and began writing more Holmes stories.