Books published by publisher Smithsonian Press

Einstein's gravity theory—his general theory of relativity—has served as the basis for a series of astonishing cosmological discoveries. But what if, nonetheless, Einstein got it wrong?Since the 1930s, physicists have noticed an alarming discrepancy between the universe as we see it and the universe that Einstein's theory of relativity predicts. There just doesn't seem to be enough stuff out there for everything to hang together. Galaxies spin so fast that, based on the amount of visible matter in them, they ought to be flung to pieces, the same way a spinning yo-yo can break its string. Cosmologists tried to solve the problem by positing dark matter—a mysterious, invisible substance that surrounds galaxies, holding the visible matter in place—and particle physicists, attempting to identify the nature of the stuff, have undertaken a slew of experiments to detect it. So far, none have.Now, John W. Moffat, a physicist at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, offers a different solution to the problem. The cap­stone to a storybook career—one that began with a correspondence with Einstein and a conversation with Niels Bohr—Moffat's modified gravity theory, or MOG, can model the movements of the universe without recourse to dark matter, and his work chal­lenging the constancy of the speed of light raises a stark challenge to the usual models of the first half-million years of the universe's existence. This bold new work, presenting the entirety of Moffat's hypothesis to a general readership for the first time, promises to overturn everything we thought we knew about the origins and evolution of the universe.

When the American colonies defeated Britain during the War for Independence, Native American leaders began to establish diplomatic relations with the new nation.Here, for the first time, is the little-known history of American Indians and American presidents, what they said and felt about one another, and what their words tell us about the history of the United States. Focused on major turning points in Native American history, these pages show how American Indians interpreted the power and prestige of the presidency, and advanced their own agenda for tribal sovereignty, from the age of George Washington to the present day. In addition to exploring a pantheon of Indian leaders, from Little Turtle to Robert Yellowtail, this book also provides new—and often unexpected—perspectives on the presidents. Thomas Jefferson, traditionally portrayed as the Indians' friend, emerges as a master of the art of Indian dispossession. Richard Nixon, long-tarnished by the Watergate scandal, was in reality a champion of tribal self-determination—a position that sprang, in part, from his Quaker origins.Using inaugural addresses, proclamations, Indian Agency records, private correspondence, memoirs, petitions, photographs, and objects from the collections of the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, American Indians/American Presidents illuminates the relationship between these diverse leaders, the Native Americans' commitment to tribal self-determination, and the social, geographic, and political evolution of the United States over more than two centuries.

The story of a famous Flying Fortress, The Swoose recounts the history of the oldest surviving B-17 aircraft not only to have flown in combat during World War II but also to have fought from the very first day of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. It continued to fly as General George Brett's command ship in Australia and Central and South America until the end of the war and afterward. Like its namesake from a popular l94Os song ("Alexander the Swoose, Half Swan-Half Goose"), the Swoose was a hybrid, with a tail structure, rudder, and elevators from another aircraft and, later, with wings, wheels, and brakes from still other B-17s.Herbert S. Brownstein highlights the Swoose's pioneering flights across the Pacific from the United States, its round-trip flight between Australia and Hawaii that broke speed records, and its celebrity passengers, including Lyndon B. Johnson, General George Brett, and Lowell Thomas. The Swoose recalls the dark days shortly after Pearl Harbor, when a handful of men in their early-model B-17s fought vainly to halt the advance of the invading Japanese forces in the "backyard war" in the Philippines. During the first forty-four days of the war, the Swoose and its counterparts in the 19th Bombardment Group shot down fifty fighters and sank or damaged sixty ships.Drawing on historic photographs and firsthand accounts of pilots, crew members, and passengers, Brownstein chronologically follows the Swoose from its maiden flight in April 1941 to its last, almost thirteen years later, on December 5, 1953, and then to its permanent home in the collection of the Smithsonian's National Air & Space Museum.

Narrates the belief in alien visitors to the earth since the 1940s, when their spacecraft began to be described consistently as saucer shaped. Discusses the various divisions and feuds within the movement, its evolution through the decades, and its relation to believers' beliefs about the government, military, and other aspects of society. A debunking rather than a sociological study. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Shooting the Sun reinterprets the Ida ritual of the Umeda society of Papua New Guinea, described in Alfred Gell's modern classic Metamorphosis of the Cassowaries: Umeda Society, Language and Ritual (1975). Bernard Juillerat and eight other distinguished scholars, including Gell, apply a range of theoretical constructs - Freudian, Marxist, gender-based, and Lacanian, among others - to Ida ceremonies and the similar Yangis ritual of the neighboring Yafar people.Shooting the Sun begins with Juillerat's description and analysis of the Yangis ritual. Drawing on a secret exegesis provided by Yafar experts, Juillerat interprets the Ida-Yangis rituals as a reformulation of the oedipal ontogenetic scenario, with shooting arrows toward the sun as the ritual's finale, representing a decisive separation from the mother's womb (the earth) and the appropriation of the mother's breast (the sun).Five anthropologists and two psychoanalysts - including Andre Green, Francois Manenti, Marilyn Strathern, Richard Werbner, and Roy Wagner - comment on Juillerat's and Gell's analyses. Juillerat assesses the proposed theoretical concepts, reconsidering Yangis and the mythology that sustains it in light of this assessment and providing some recently uncovered ethnographic material. Shooting the Sun is significant both for the ethnographic data it contains and for the theoretical sophistication it displays.

Ethics on the Ark presents a passionate, multivocal discussion - among zoo professionals, activists, conservation biologists, and philosophers - about the future of zoos and aquariums, the treatment of animals in captivity, and the question of whether the individual, the species, or the ecosystem is the most important focus in conservation efforts. Contributors represent all sides of the issues. Some advocate proposals to increase zoos' work in captive breeding programs. Others call for zoos to turn away from exotic, charismatic species and focus instead on community education programs aimed at protecting local fauna and habitats. Still others contend that zoos ought to be abolished.Moving from the fundamental to the practical, from biodiversity to population regulation, from animal research to captive breeding, Ethics on the Ark represents an important gathering of the many fervent and contentious viewpoints shaping the wildlife conservation debate.

Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young bring together for the first time nearly seventy of Wilbur and Orville Wright's published writings into a single, annotated reference. Spanning the decades from the brothers' turn-of-the-century experiments with gliders until Orville's death in 1948, the articles describe the design of their aircraft, early test flights, and camp life at Kitty Hawk. Other pieces discuss technical subjects, such as airplane stability and the relationship of weight, speed, and power. As the airplane evolved, the brothers frequently commented on such subjects as the future of commercial aviation and air travel, sport flying, air safety, and military aviation.