Sussex Gorse: The Story of a Fight
Sheila Kaye-Smith
eBook
(, April 19, 2018)
heila Kaye-Smith (1887 –1956) was one of a number of early twentieth century rural novelists writing in what has become known as “the English regional tradition”. Like Thomas Hardy, from whom they took their inspiration, most of them set their novels in one particular part of the country. Others who can be regarded as belonging to the tradition include Mary Webb (Shropshire), John Moore (the West Midlands, particularly Herefordshire and Worcestershire), H E Bates (originally Northamptonshire, later Kent), and Hugh Walpole (the Lake District), and possibly also Henry Williamson (Devon), D H Lawrence (Nottinghamshire) and Winifred Holtby (the East Riding).In Kaye-Smith’s case her literary province included the Weald of Kent and her native county of Sussex (she was a native of St Leonards), together with the adjoining parts of Surrey. “Sussex Gorse” is an agricultural epic telling of the irresistible rise of Reuben Backfield, a farmer from Peasmarsh near Rye in Sussex. (Unlike Hardy, Kaye-Smith did not bother to disguise real places under invented names). The story spans the period between Backfield’s teenage years in the 1830s and his old age around 1906. When we first meet him he is taking part in a riotous protest against the Enclosure Acts. These were a series of measures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which enabled landowners to fence off what had previously been common land and to exclude other people and their livestock from it. These Acts were highly controversial; some defended them as necessary in order to feed a growing, increasingly urban, population; others bitterly criticised them as an attack on the rights of the rural poor. Young Reuben’s opposition, however, arises less from political principle than from the fact that, owing to a legal technicality, his father has been excluded and ownership of the newly enclosed land has been awarded to the local squire and another farmer.This event marks the birth of the obsession which is to dominate the rest of Backfield’s life. When he inherits the family farm a few years later he forms the plan of gradually acquiring the whole of Boarzell, as the former common land is known. This seems like a useless ambition. Boarzell is a rough, stony heathland with poor, sandy soils which seem to support little but gorse. The two landowners who have acquired it use it for little except rough grazing. Armed only with his iron will and a huge capacity for hard work, however, Backfield is determined to built up his land, to acquire the capital necessary to buy Boarzell piece by piece and then to transform it into productive farmland.Backfield’s ambition is not easily realised; the novel is subtitled, with good reason, “The Story of a Fight”. This is not, moreover, a fight without casualties. His brother Harry is terribly injured in an accident. His first wife Naomi dies young, worn out with childbearing. His second wife Rose leaves him for another man. He misses the opportunity to make Alice, the one woman he has really loved, his third wife because she is the only person with the courage to criticise his way of life to his face. (There are plenty who will criticise him behind his back). His many sons all desert him, in different ways and ostensibly for different reasons, but in each case the underlying cause is his lack of love and understanding and his inability to see them as any more than a source of free labour for his farm. Of his two daughters, one ends up as a prostitute and the other as the wife of a hated rival, and it is hard to say which fate Backfield regards as the more shameful. He never makes a friend, except perhaps for Alice, but makes plenty of enemies. His farm is named “Odiam”, and although there are farms of this name in East Kent its use here may be a deliberate pun on “odium”.