A Synopsis of the Birds of North America
John James Audubon
Paperback
(TheClassics.us, Sept. 12, 2013)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1839 edition. Excerpt: ... and marked with broad triangular blackish-brown spots, becoming fainter on the hind part of the breast and sides. Although this species closely resembles the last in its colours, and the proportions of the quills, it is yet so much inferior in size, and its bill, tarsi, and toes are so much shorter, that it cannot be considered otherwise than as distinct. Male 6, 9i. Columbia River. Accidental in the Middle Atlantic districts. Migratory. Turdus nanus, Dwarf Thrush, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 201. FAMILY XIII. MOTACILLIN^. WAGTAILS. Bill of moderate length, straight, slender, a little broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal line sloping, a little convex toward the end, the nostrils slight, the tip acute; lower mandible with the angle rather long and narrow, the dorsal line ascending and scarcely convex, the edges somewhat involute, the tip acute. General form slender; head ovatooblong; neck short. Feet of ordinary length, slender; toes very slender, the lateral equal, the outer adherent at the base, the hind toe rather large; claws rather long, arched, compressed, acute, that of the hind toe generally very long. Plumage soft and blended. Bristles small. Wings long and pointed, one of the minor secondaries often much elongated and tapering. Tongue sagittate, slender, with the tip slit; oesophagus uniform; stomach a very muscular gizzard, roundish, with large tendons, and thin rugous epithelium; intestine of moderate length; coeca very small. Trachea simple, with four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles. This family is connected with the Turdinse by Seiurus, and with the Alandinse by Anthus, which are the only two American genera. GENUS I. SEIURUS, Swains. WOOD-WAGTAILS. Bill rather short,...