Montessori Schools as Seen in the Early Summer of 1913
Jessie White
eBook
PROLOGUETHIS book is the outcome of two months' observational work carried on in Italy and the Canton of Ticino in April, May, and June 1913. Like many other people I had been greatly stirred in the summer of 1912 by reading the English translation of Dr. Mon-tessori's book which in the Italian edition bore the title, 'The Method of Scientific Pedagogy applied to Infant Instruction in the Case dei Bambini/ a title more suited to the contents than was that of the * Montessori Method ' adopted by the American translator.In the autumn of 1912 and the early spring of 1913 I attended a good many lectures on Dr. Montessori's work given in London, and I had become a member of the Montessori Society soon after it was started in the summer of 1912. I was thus well acquainted with the leading principles and with the material, but whereas there were some things which I had heard over and over again, there were many things which I wanted to hear but had not heard. I had not gathered enough detail to be able to form a mental picture of what the work in Italy really amounted to. It was for the purpose of seeing how thingsactually worked out in practice that I determined to go to Italy at the beginning of April 1913. By this time the training course which Dr. Montessori was holding, and which was attended by eighty-three students who came mainly from America and Great Britain, was half over. I discussed with the secretary of the Montessori Society the advisability of trying to join this course and going direct to Rome, but we came to the conclusion that I should gain most by studying first the schools in Milan and then going on to Rome later, when the training course was over, and it would be easier to gain access to the schools there and to see them under more natural conditions.Accordingly, I put myself in communication with the directrice at Milan, whose address was given me by the secretary of the English Montessori Society, and received from her an invitation to spend as much time as I liked in her Casa dei Bambini. This, consequently, was where my observational work began.Having had a scientific training and been a science teacher for a considerable number of years, I was fully aware of the qualifications necessary for sound observational work. For an observer of schools these qualifications, I think, may be stated as follows: acquaintance with other methods employed for children of the same age so that novel points may not escape notice; the psychological knowledge necessary for appreciating the results of the method; impartialityof judgment in estimating the value of the results; patience in studying the phenomena so that the impression formed one day may, if necessary, be corrected by later impressions; carefulness in weighing the judgments arrived at and in expressing them verbally.But it is one thing to gain and possess for oneself a mental picture and another to be able to convey it to others. For this one needs literary skill and the power of transmitting an emotional tone which shall vivify the mental pictures of one's readers. This power, it seems to me, Dr. Montessori possesses, and it is undoubtedly this which accounts for the fascination of her book. To this power I lay no claim, and rightly so, as the reader will soon discover for himself. One merit alone I claim—that I spared no pains in my attempt to see truly, and in writing out my observations have taken equal pains to convey^ as far as possible^ this truth unfalsified.CHAPTER ITHE CASA DEI BAMBINI IN THE VIA SOLARI, MILANTHE Casa dei Bambini in the Via Solari in Milan is the older of the two Case dei Bambini which belong to the Humanitarian Society of that city, a society with a socialistic bias which engages in various activities all directed towards the elevation of the people. One of these activities is the provision of workmen's flats, and the two Case dei Bambini are situated, as are also the Case dei Bambini in which Dr. Montessori's