History of the Australian Bushrangers
George E. Boxall
(CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, Oct. 9, 2017)
“No penny dreadful in any language could exaggerate some of the actual horrors described by the author ... from all these figures upon whom Mr. Boxall throws the limelight, no single one stands out with so glaring a ferocity as Ned Kelly, an almost Homeric personality, who was the very last of the bushrangers.” -T. P.'s Weekly The Story of The Australian Bushrangers (1908), by George E. Boxall (1875 – 1927) presents us with the history of bushranging, commencing with the great outbreak inaugurated by Frank Gardiner in 1861 up to the death of Ned Kelly, the last of the bushrangers, in 1880. About 300 persons altogether were implicated during these twenty years, and the story points out that this brigandage was evolved from the convict system established as the basis of the earlier settlements, more particularly in Victoria, New South Wales, and Van Diemen's Land. The book is full of exciting episodes, and is not without interest. Marcus Clarke's and Rolf Boldrewood's novels have done a deal towards giving us at least a nodding acquaintance with the highwaymen of Australia, but Mr. Boxall's encyclopaedic book is the first to traverse the whole history of the 'movement' in a comprehensive way. We find in it a complete record of the exploits of not only the more notorious bushrangers, such as Jackey Jackey, 'the gentleman bushranger,' and Ned Kelly, the last of these very young criminals (most of them came to a bad end before they were thirty), but details, culled from newspapers and other sources, concerning the more obscure 'operators' who never achieved more than local renown. Mr. Boxall is able, too, to supply the atmosphere without which such a book might easily be colourless and jejune. Bushrangers always made a point, these daring fellows, of bestriding the best horse flesh the colony could produce, for often enough their lives depended upon the fleetness of their steeds. Naturally they preferred racehorses when they were able to steal them. The most callous and brutal of the New South Wales bushrangers was John Lynch, who was transported from Cavan, Ireland, in 1831. He worked in a road gang in the neighbourhood of Sydney, being afterwards in the employment of a Mr. Barton as an 'assigned servant' on his farm, near Berrima. He ' bolted' into the bush, as many ex-convicts had done before him, and entered upon a career of the most extraordinary and relentless crime. Some of the subjects of Mr. Boxall's history were inordinately cruel, so that it is no wonder the country-side went in abject fear of them. Whitehead's gang, who ranged in Van Diemen's Land, captured a halfwitted fellow named John Hopkins, whom they accused of trying to betray them. By way of punishment a pair of bullock-hide moccassins were fitted on his feet, and in them were placed a number of great red ants, 'bull-dog' or 'soldier ants,' as they are called. They are an inch and a quarter long, sting as severely as a bee or a hornet, and never let go what they take hold of, continuing to sting until removed. It does not justify such cruelty, though it helps to explain it, to say that the convicts, who for the most part recruited the ranks of the bushrangers, were treated in confinement with shameless cruelty. Men, artiste in the use of the cat-o'-nine-tails, were employed to flog them, and this they did until the backs of their victims were one huge festering sore, in which the blue-fly would sometimes lay its eggs. There are hundreds of pages of interesting reading in this volume concerning these 'gentlemen of the road,' if that is the term to use of a country where roads were far from abounding. In especial much diversion lurks in the careers of Frank Gardiner, Ben Hall, and Thunderbolt, as also in that of 'Captain Moonlite,' who began life as a lay reader in the Established Church!