First lessons in zoology
Alpheus Spring Packard
Paperback
(RareBooksClub.com, March 6, 2012)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1886 Excerpt: ...THE SHARKS. We now come to animals with a backbone, a movable lower jaw, a true skull, and with fins in pairs. Such backboned creatures are the fishes. All fishes agree in having either a gristly or bony skeleton, a lower jaw, and in swimming by means of fins. The following is a view of the Sub-classes Op Fishes. 1. Skeleton cartilaginous; 5-7 pairs of gill-openings Elasmobranchii. Sharks, Rays. 2. Skeleton cartilaginous or bony; scales often square, enamelled. Ganoidei. Sturgeon, Garpike, and Lung fishes. 3. Skeleton bony, of numerous separate bones; 4 pairs of gills...Teleostei. Cod, Cunner, Perch, etc. The sharks, though fish-like, are very different from ordinary bony fish. Their cartilaginous skeleton, includin the larger, upper lobe. They also have from five to seven gill-openings or slits, whereas the cod or perch has but one. The skin is either smooth, or with minute scales, forming shagreen. Both jaws arc armed with numerous sharp, flattened teeth, arranged in rows and pointing backward, enabling them to seize and retain their prey. Fio. 152.--Cestracion, or Australian Shark. ing the skull, is so soft that it can be cut with a knife, while the tail is one-sided, the vertebral column ending With the appearance of sharks the world of life realized a new order of things. Never before had animals lived so well adapted for the destruction of the lower orders of animals, however well protected they were by solid shells and other means of protection. Sharks and i53.-Teeth of the ces-skates are engines of destruction, tracion. being the terror of the seas. Their entire structure is such as to enable them to seize, crush, tear, swallow, and rapidly digest large fishes, shell-fish, starfish, sea-urchins, or other marine animals. Moreover their own forms are ...