Flying Machines, Construction and Operation: A Practical Book Which Shows How to Build and Navigate the Modern Airship, 1910

EVOLUTION OF TWO-SURFACE FLYING MACHINE, By Octave Chanute. I am asked to set forth the development of the "two-surface" type of flying machine which is now used with modifications by Wright Brothers, Farman, *Delagrange, Herring' and others. This type originated with Mr. F. H. Wcnham, who Gliding Machine Used by Pilcher. patented it in England in 1866 (No. 1571), taking out provisional papers only. In the abridgment of British patent Aeronautical Specifications (1893) it is described as follows: "Two or more aeroplanes arc arranged one above the other, and support a framework or car containing the motive power.' The aeroplanes are made of silk or canvas stretched on a frame by wooden rods or steel ribs. When manual power is employed the body is placed horizontally, and oars or propellers are actuated by the arms or legs. *Now dead. 7Table of Contents CONTENTS; Chapter Page; I Evolution of the Two-Surface Flying Machine 7; Introductory Chapter by Octave Chanute, C E; II Theory, Development and Use 19; Origin of the Aeroplane-Developments by Chanute and the Wrights-Practical Uses and Limits; III Mechanical Bird Action 23; What the Motor Does-Puzzle in Bird Soaring; IV Various Forms of Flying Machines 29; Helicopters, Ornithopters and Aeroplanes-Monoplanes, Biplanes and Triplanes; V Constructing a Gliding* Machine 33; Plans and Materials Required-Estimate of Cost- Sizes and Preparation of Various Parts-Putting the Parts Together; VI Learning to Fly 47; How to Use the Glider-Effect of Body Movements -Rules for Beginners-Safest Place to Glide; VII Putting On the Rudder 57; Its Construction, Application and Use; VIII The Real Flying Machine 61; Surface Area Required-Proper Size of Frame and Auxiliaries-Installation of Motor-Cost of Constructing- Machine; IX Selection of the Motor 83; Essential Features-Multiplicity