Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama

CONTENTSPART IINTRODUCTION CHAPTER IPeriod of Sectional Controversy PAGEComposition of the Population of Alabama3The Indians and Nullification8Slavery Controversy and Political Divisions10Emancipation Sentiment in North Alabama10Early Party Divisions11William Lowndes Yancey13Growth of Secession Sentiment14“Unionists” Successful in 1851-185216Yancey-Pryor Debate, 185817The Charleston Convention of 186018The Election of 186019Separation of the Churches, 1821-186121Senator Clay’s Farewell Speech in the Senate25 CHAPTER IISecession from the UnionSecession Convention Called27Parties in the Convention28Reports on Secession31Debate on Secession31Political Theories of Members34Ordinance of Secession Passed36Confederate States Formed39Self-denying Ordinance41African Slave Trade42Commissioners to Other States46Legislation by the Convention49North Alabama in the Convention53Incidents of the Session56 PART IIWAR TIMES IN ALABAMA CHAPTER IIIMilitary and Political EventsMilitary Operations61The War in North Alabama62The Streight Raid67Rousseau’s Raid68The War in South Alabama69Wilson’s Raid and the End of the War71Destruction by the Armies74Military Organization78Alabama Soldiers: Number and Character78Negro Troops86Union Troops from Alabama87Militia System88Conscription and Exemption92Confederate Enrolment Laws92Policy of the State in Regard to Conscription95Effect of the Enrolment Laws98Exemption from Service100Tories and Deserters108Conditions in North Alabama109Unionists, Tories, and Mossbacks112Growth of Disaffection114Outrages by Tories and Deserters119Disaffection in South Alabama122Prominent Tories and Deserters124Numbers of the Disaffected127Party Politics and the Peace Movement131Political Conditions, 1861-1865131The Peace Society137Reconstruction Sentiment143 CHAPTER IVEconomic and Social ConditionsIndustrial Development during the War149Military Industries149Manufacture of Arms150Nitre Making153Private Manufacturing Enterprises156Salt Making157Confederate Finance in Alabama162Banks and Banking162Issues of Bonds and Notes by the State164Special Appropriations and Salaries168Taxation169Impressment174Debts, Stay Laws, Sequestration176Trade, Barter, Prices178Blockade-running and Trade through the Lines183Scarcity and Destitution, 1861-1865196The Negro during the War205Military Uses of Negroes205Negroes on the Farms209Fidelity to Masters210Schools and Colleges212Confederate Text-books217Newspapers218Publishing Houses221The Churches during the War223Attitude on Public Questions223The Churches and the Negroes225Federal Army and the Southern Churches227Domestic Life230Society in 1861230Life on the Farm232Home Industries; Makeshifts and Substitutes234Clothes and Fashions236Drugs and Medicines239Social Life during the War241Negro Life243Woman’s Work for the Soldiers244 PART IIITHE AFTERMATH OF WAR CHAPTER VSocial and Economic DisorderLoss of Life in War251Destruction of Property253The Wreck of the Railways259The Interregnum: Lawlessness and Disorder262The Negro testing his Freedom269How to prove Freedom270Suffering among the Negroes273Relations between Whites and Blacks275Destitution and Want, 1865-1866277 CHAPTER VIConfiscation and the Cotton TaxConfiscation Frauds284Restrictions on Trade in 1865284Federal Claims to Confederate Property285Cotton Frauds and Stealing290Cotton Agents Prosecuted297Statistics of the Frauds299The Cotton Tax303 CHAPTER VIIThe Temper of the PeopleAfter the Surrender308“Condition of Affairs in the South”311General Grant’s Report311Carl Schurz’s Report312Truman’s Report312Report of the Joint C....